Qatif's inhabitants are mainly farmers, fishermen, and those engaged in some aspect of the oil industry.
The city is well supplied with educational and healthcare facilities. There are a number of schools and health centres, a 300-bed general hospital and a smaller specialist hospital.
In addition to its involvement in the oil industry and commerce, the Qatif region has a thriving agricultural sector, producing a wide range of crops, including dates, cereals, vegetables, fruit and poultry. Qatif is also the main supplier of fish to the Eastern region.